ROUTING

ROUTING
There are three ways to control routing decisions on your router:
1-Static routes
2-Default routes
3-Dynamic routes

1-Static Routes :

A static route is the basic kind of routing that is used in Cisco routers.
The working principle of Static Routing depends on the manually defined paths. To route a packet to the pre-defined destination, the routes on the Cisco routers should be manually defined.
The area of usage is especially small networks that have small bandwidths. This kind of routing is useful only if the routing paths are not changing rapidly. Please keep in mind that, rapidly changing routes causes network connectivity failures which results packet losses. If you change the route, please change the routing path that you defined in the Cisco Router.

Router(config)#ip route destination network address [subnet mask] {next-hop-address interface} [distance]

RTA(config)#interface s0/0
RTA(config-if)#ip address 172.16.0.10 255.255.0.0
RTA(config-if)#clock rate 64000
RTA(config-if)#no shutdown
RTA(config-if)#exit
RTA(config)#interface fa0/0
RTA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0
RTA(config-if)#no shutdown
RTA(config-if)#exit
RTA(config)# ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.20

RTB(config)#interface s0/0
RTB(config-if)#ip address 172.16.0.20 255.255.0.0
RTB(config-if)#no shutdown
RTB(config-if)#exit
RTB(config)#interface fa0/0
RTB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
RTB(config-if)#no shutdown
RTB(config-if)#exit
RTB(config)# ip route 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.0.10

OSI Model

The OSI Reference Model provides the following advantages:
1. it promotes interoperability
2. defines how to connect adjacent layers
3. compartmentalizes components
4. allows a modular design
5. serves as a teaching tool
6. simplifies troubleshooting.
OSI Model
(Layer 7)The application Layer provides the user interface.
(Layer 6) The presentation Layer defines how information is presented to the user.
(Layer 5)The session Layer determines whether a network connection is needed and initiates the setup and teardown of connections.
(Layer 4)The transport Layer handles the mechanics of reliable or unreliable services.
(Layer 3)The network Layer creates a logical topology with logical addresses. Routers function at this layer.
(Layer 2)The data link Layer assigns physical (MAC) addresses and defines how devices on a specific media type communicate with each other. Bridges, switches, and NICs operate at this layer.
(Layer 1)The physical Layer handles all physical properties for a connection. Hubs and repeaters function here.

CISCO CAREER CERTIFICATIONS

CCNA Certification
640-802 CCNA
Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 (ICND1) v1.0
Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 2 (ICND2) v1.0
Or
640-822 ICND1
Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 (ICND1) v1.0
640-816 ICND2
Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 2 (ICND2) v1.0

CCDP Certification
642-901 BSCI
Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI)
642-812 BCMSN
Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN)
642-873 ARCH
Designing Cisco Network Service Architecture (ARCH)
Or
642-892 Composite
Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI)
Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN)
642-873 ARCH
Designing Cisco Network Service Architectures (ARCH)

CCNP Certification
642-901 BSCI
Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI)
642-812 BCMSN
Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN)
642-825 ISCW
Implementing Secure Converged Wide Area Networks (ISCW)
642-845 ONT
Optimizing Converged Cisco Networks (ONT)
Or
642-892 Composite
Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI)
Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN)
642-825 ISCW
Implementing Secure Converged Wide Area Networks(ISCW)
642-845 ONT
Optimizing Converged Cisco Networks (ONT)